UE: Introduction au monde quantique

Enseignant: Géraud Sénizergues (Professeur d'Informatique).

• 1-Quantum key-exchange protocol BB84:
  Utilisation en grandeur reelle:
  (elections en Suisse, etc ...)
  wikipedia
  Students: A. Veschambre, S. Toth
  
• 2-Quantum Circuits:
  Quantum versus classical circuits.
  Logical design.
  Physical realisation.
  a bunch of slides
  Students:
  
• 3-Teleportation:
  Some experimental realizations:
  wikipedia
  article de presse
  Students: A. Bouneau, R.R. Khelafi
  
• 4-D-wave:
  Founded in 1999, D-Wave Systems is the world's first quantum computing company.
  What kind of computers does it develop ?
  What kind of factories (or public institutions) buy its computers ?
  wikipedia
  D-wave web-site
  Students: S. Tricoire, Gabriel Weil
  Talk: Thursday April 6th.
• 5-Quantum-ID:
  The commercial society quantumID develops several quantum systems (though not a full quantum-computer).
  The company has realized several world premieres in quantum technology innovation.
  Describe the products of this society as well as its customers.
  wikipedia quantumID web-site
  Students:
  

List of subjects
2- Planned courses:

• LECTURE 1:
  Introduction to quantum computing.
  1- Problems raised by the physical laws which are valid at the scale of single particles:
  - can we "read " information without destroying it ?
  - can we "transmit" information ? (seems difficult since we cannot copy a physical state)
  - since the evolution of any system must be described by a unitary transformation, only reversible computations are allowed. What kind of functions are "reversibly computable"?
  2- Some historical corner-stones:
  70: Study of reversible computation [Landauer, Bennett]
  80: Tentative to simulate efficiently on a classical computer the quantum phenomena. Due to the difficulties, inversion of the objectives:
  what could we compute with quantum computers? [R. Feynman]
  84: Quantum cryptography [Bennett, Brassard ]
  85: Universal quntum machine [D. Deutsch]
  94: Polynomial quantum algorithm for the factorization problem (P. Shor)
  2004: Teleportation
  2012: Haroche is awarded the Nobel prize in physics. Some of his works are related to quantum computing (he gave lectures at ENS Lyon, 2007. on this subject).
  
• LECTURE 2:
  1- What is a q-bit ?
  Example of a polarized photon. Information carried by the polarization-direction.
  2- What operations can we perform on a q-bit ?
  - measurement
  - evolution
  (recalls on Hilbert-spaces; recalls on the postulates of quantum mechanics)
  
• LECTURE 3:
  Quantum cryptography.
  [Bennett-Brassard 84] protocol allows to agree on a secret-key, using an authentified channel. Description of the protocol.